1. sinksanksunk:

    allthingslinguistic:

    Hi! I’ve seen a couple of english-speakers use the term “person” and then use the pronoun “she” to refer to the aforementionned person even though it seems to be intended as gender neutral, I’m just wondering if you know where this usage comes from? I always…

    Well, yes, I thought about that, and I’ve seen examples of feminist texts using “she” as a default. But in this case, the examples I’ve heard were never used by people that seemed especially concerned about gender equality and the key thing is that the presence of “she” seemed to be triggered by the presence of “person”. I’ve never heard anyone spontaneously use the feminine as default unless they were feminists or they had used the word person first. So I’m pretty sure that there’s a link with this specific word.

    It’s not a widespread occurrence and I don’t remember most of the examples I’ve heard but I can give you at least one :

    “The so-called ‘psychotically depressed’ person who tries to kill herself doesn’t do so out of quote ‘hopelessness’ or any abstract conviction that life’s assets and debits do not square. (…)”

    This is part of a quote from David Foster Wallace. Why would he be using “she” all of a sudden? I haven’t read much by him but I think his language was leaning towards male-centeredness in general. (And that’s without mentioning that this “person” he’s talking about is far from being an abstraction and is probably, uh, himself.)

    And the reason I’m mentioning other languages is because, while I’m not sure about Spanish or German, I do know that in French, it’s not uncommon to first refer to “une personne” and to follow with “elle” in a gender-neutral context. It’s not done to avoid being male-centered; our usage of pronouns is actually more male-centered than English’s, but it’s really this one word that makes a difference. Person. Personne. And maybe others. There has to be something going on with this English she/person combo, it sounds like a mistake a French-speaker would make but I’ve heard it coming from native English-speakers, so… what’s up with that. (Sorry for insisting so much, ahah.)

    Interesting. (And sorry for the delay in replying). I know I’ve also seen the French example you mention, and quite possibly in German/Spanish although I’m not sure. I really don’t know what would be leading to the use of “she/her” as a pronoun for “person” in these contexts. My speculation might be something more along the lines of an author wanting to evoke a particular gender in a particular context, rather than influences from other languages, but unfortunately being a linguist doesn’t give me magical abilities to know all the things about language, so your (or anyone else’s) guess is as good as mine here.

     
  2. Gender-neutral pronouns in history

    Hi! I’ve seen a couple of english-speakers use the term “person” and then use the pronoun “she” to refer to the aforementionned person even though it seems to be intended as gender neutral, I’m just wondering if you know where this usage comes from? I always assumed it was somehow related to the fact that the equivalent of “person” is feminine in certain languages with grammatical genders ; eine Person, une personne, una persona… I dunno. My researches have not been very fruitful.

    While I like your hypothesis, I’m guessing it’s actually a reaction to the “default masculine” that used to be common for referring to nonspecifically-gendered people (e.g. mankind, every student passed in his test, the “man on the street”, etc). These days, people tend to use neutral constructions like singular they and “person” or else combinations like s/he and him or her instead, but I could see how someone might choose to use a default feminine in this context. 

    Interestingly, the degree to which gender-neutral language is common today can be traced back to the efforts of two groundbreaking women in the 1970s, Kate Swift and Casey Miller. Quote from an article about them:

    Swift said, “We suddenly realized what was keeping his message — his good message — from getting across, and it hit us like a bombshell. It was the pronouns! They were overwhelmingly masculine gendered. We turned in the manuscript with our suggestions such as putting singular sexist pronouns into plural gender-free ones, avoiding pronouns wherever possible, and changing word order so that girls or women sometimes preceded rather than always followed boys or men. The publisher accepted some suggestions and not others as always happens. But we had been revolutionized.”

    Insights like these (about the sexist nature of accepted English usage) once glimpsed, do not go away. We had been sensitized, and from then on everything we read, heard on the radio and television, or worked on professionally confirmed our new awareness that the way English is used to make the simplest points can either acknowledge women’s full humanity or relegate the female half of the species to secondary status. (Words and Women, p. xviii)

    Go read the whole thing though: they’re really cool. If anyone has an electronic copy of Words and Women, I’d love to see it, since I can’t seem to find one online. 

     
  3. Gender-neutral vocative honourifics

    I had a conversation recently about what people say when they’re trying to politely get the attention of a stranger in public. These are often gendered: 

    Ma’am, do you know where the train station is? 

    Sir! I think you dropped this.

    However, there’s no particular reason this has to be gendered, and it would be nice to have some alternatives. There are lots of non-gendered alternatives for third person pronouns, and I’ve heard of Mx as an alternative to Mr/Ms, but I’m not aware of any for vocative honourifics (although admittedly I haven’t particularly looked in to this).

    It seems rude to say something like “you there!” or “hey person!”, so in practice, I generally say “excuse me!” or “sorry!” but these don’t quite have the same effect because you’re not explicitly addressing a person in the same way. 

    So what else could we do? A few possibilities I came up with.

    1. Repurpose an honourific used under different circumstances: your honour, your grace, your worship, goody, comrade, mate. 

    2. Come up with some other phrase: respected one, esteemed one.

    3. Portmanteau sir and ma’am: s’am, sim, mir, mar.

    4. Borrow a word from another language: -san, others? 

    Any more ideas?

     
  4. Occasionally, you actually shouldn’t use singular “they”

    Normally, I’m willing to join the singular “they” love-fest as much as the next linguist or descriptivist. However, there is one context I noticed recently when singular “they” is actually a really unhelpful term to use.

    So let’s say you’re doing some fieldwork, and let’s say the language you’re working on has person and number marking on the verb, but no gender. And let’s say you’re trying to get a few verb paradigms, and your language consultant, like most speakers of English, has a robust singular “they” construction. Then you might end up with a conversation like this: 

    Linguist: So, how would you say “he’s thinking”?

    Speaker: adahntehiloʔa

    Linguist: And would this also mean “she’s thinking”? 

    Speaker: Sure, he’s thinking, she’s thinking, it just means they’re thinking.

    Linguist: Ok, so if you have a couple people, and they’re all thinking, you would also say adahntehiloʔa?

    Speaker: Oh, no, you’d have to change it.  Adahntehiloʔa can only mean that one person is thinking.

    Using singular “they” is a very reasonable strategy here to get around the fact that many languages don’t make the same gender distinction as English does in the third person singular, so it’s awkward to be obliged to specify a gender distinction in translation. And in a lot of real-life situations this would probably be fine. However, this creates some unfortunate ambiguities when you’re really going into the details, especially when you haven’t worked with the language long enough to have a good recognition of the affixes.

    So this is one circumstance in which I generally use s/he or try to alternate between using one gendered pronoun for a while and then the other, but never singular “they”. On the other hand, I use “you guys”/”you all”/etc all the time in elicitation, because most languages do make a distinction between singular and plural second persons. 

     
  5. What’s “yo” favourite pronoun?

    bellalinguista:

    motherfuckerofbabylon:

    A gender-neutral third-person pronoun has arisen spontaneously as a part of kids’ slang in Baltimore

    Reasons I found this article incredibly fascinating:

    1. It’s an example of language change being lead by the younger generation, as it normally is.

    2. Prescriptivists freaking out in the comments.

    3. Closed class words, which aren’t expected to change (such as pronouns), adapting a new form spontaneously. What.

    This is fantastic. I wonder what the possessive form of “yo” is? Maybe yo’s? Or just yo again? Particularly since it’s derived from “your”. For now, I think I’ll keep using singular “they” when these situations arise, but I do like “yo” better than the ze/zir/zem/hir/etc conglomerate, so I think this is one to watch.